Managing Allergic Reactions and Using Adrenaline Devices
- Christopher Cook
- Dec 19, 2025
- 4 min read
Allergic reactions are common and, in most cases, mild. Many people experience itching, rashes, sneezing or swelling after exposure to foods, insect stings or environmental triggers. However, in some situations an allergic reaction can become severe and life threatening. This serious reaction is known as anaphylaxis and it requires immediate action.
Understanding how to recognise anaphylaxis and knowing what to do, including how adrenaline is given, can save a life. This knowledge is particularly important for families, schools, workplaces and anyone who spends time in public settings.
What is anaphylaxis?
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction affecting the whole body. It usually develops rapidly and can affect breathing, circulation and consciousness. Without prompt treatment, it can be fatal.
Signs and symptoms may include:
Difficulty breathing or noisy breathing
Swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat
Wheezing or persistent coughing
Dizziness, collapse or loss of consciousness
Pale, clammy skin
A rapid heartbeat
Severe rash, hives or widespread itching
Abdominal pain, vomiting or diarrhoea
Symptoms can appear within minutes of exposure to a trigger such as nuts, shellfish, insect stings, certain medicines or other allergens. If anaphylaxis is suspected, it must be treated as a medical emergency.
What to do if you suspect anaphylaxis
If someone shows signs of a severe allergic reaction:
Call 999/112 immediately and state that you believe the person is having anaphylaxis.
Give adrenaline straight away using the person’s prescribed device, or assist them to use it if they are unable.
Help them lie flat with their legs raised if possible. If breathing is difficult, allow them to sit upright with their legs extended.
Stay with them, monitor their breathing and level of response, and be prepared to start CPR if they become unresponsive and are not breathing normally.
If symptoms do not improve, a second dose of adrenaline may be given after about five minutes if another device is available.
Emergency help must always be sought, even if the person appears to improve after adrenaline has been given.
Adrenaline and why it is so important
Adrenaline is the first line treatment for anaphylaxis. It works by reducing swelling in the throat, opening the airways, supporting blood pressure and improving circulation. When given early, it significantly improves outcomes.
Adrenaline for anaphylaxis is supplied in devices designed for rapid emergency use. These fall into two main categories, and it is important to understand the difference.
Adrenaline auto injectors
Traditionally, people at risk of anaphylaxis have been prescribed adrenaline auto injectors such as EpiPen or Jext. These devices deliver a measured dose of adrenaline by injection into the outer thigh muscle. They are designed to be simple to use and can be given through light clothing.
Auto injectors remain a vital and widely used treatment option. Anyone prescribed one should be confident with their specific device, as the method of activation differs slightly between brands.
The addition of EURneffy
A newer option now available in the UK is EURneffy. This is not an injection. EURneffy is a needle free adrenaline nasal spray, meaning adrenaline is delivered through the nostril rather than into the thigh.
EURneffy has been approved for emergency treatment of anaphylaxis and offers an alternative for people who may struggle with injections or have concerns about needles. It delivers adrenaline via the nasal route and is designed for rapid use in an emergency.
As with all adrenaline treatments, the choice of device should be made with a healthcare professional. People must be trained and familiar with the specific product they carry, as the steps for use differ between auto injectors and nasal sprays.
Regardless of the device used, the key message remains the same. Adrenaline should be given as soon as anaphylaxis is suspected, and emergency services must always be called.
After adrenaline has been given
Even if symptoms appear to settle, the person must still be assessed by medical professionals. Anaphylaxis can return after initial improvement, sometimes several hours later. This is known as a biphasic reaction.
The person should not be left alone. Their breathing, level of response and overall condition should be monitored until help arrives.
Living with severe allergies
For those diagnosed with severe allergies, preparation is essential. This includes:
Carrying prescribed adrenaline devices at all times
Carrying two devices where advised
Checking expiry dates regularly
Making sure family members, friends, colleagues and carers know where the device is kept and how to use it
Informing schools, workplaces and activity providers about allergies
Wearing medical alert identification where appropriate
Regular first aid training helps maintain confidence and ensures that people can act quickly and correctly under pressure.
Why first aid training matters
Anaphylaxis can happen anywhere. At home, at work, in school, at social events or in public places. Knowing how to recognise the signs and respond appropriately can make the difference between life and death.
First aid training gives people the confidence to act quickly, use adrenaline correctly and support someone until professional help arrives. It also helps reduce panic and uncertainty during highly stressful situations.
Final thoughts
Severe allergic reactions are unpredictable and fast moving. Early recognition and prompt administration of adrenaline, whether by auto injector or nasal spray, saves lives. Knowing the difference between devices such as EpiPen, Jext and EURneffy, and being confident in their use, is essential for anyone at risk and those around them.
If you would like to learn more about managing allergic reactions and anaphylaxis as part of a first aid course, DTMK Training Services delivers professional, practical training across Milton Keynes and the surrounding areas.
You can visit https://training.dtmk.co.uk, call 01908 112111, or email enquiries@dtmk.co.uk to find out more.
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